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Data Ultimo Aggiornamento: 20 giugno 2022
Some galleries sometimes commit the buyer, through a specific agreement, called resale, not to resell the purchased work for at least a certain number of years (from 3 to more).
Set of photographs (negatives and positives), photographic equipment and other materials. It can also be understood as a physical space for storing materials. Place of collection, conservation, enhancement and use of photographic collections, nowadays recognized by legislation as a "cultural asset", on a specific theme or a specific artist.
Artificial intelligence is a collection of different technologies that interact to allow a machine to exhibit human capabilities such as reasoning, learning, planning and creativity. Today, more and more works of art are made in part or entirely by artificial intelligences.
Gli Art consultant e gli art advisor sono figure che offrono un servizio di supporto a collezionisti e istituzioni per agire nel mercato dell’arte, potendo tra l’altro offrire una indipendenza – auspicabile – rispetto a gallerie e case d’asta.
Public sale to the highest bidder. There is therefore a need for it to be public - offline or online - and that it happens to the highest bidder, after a period in which the lots (works or goods that go up for auction) have been potentially made visible to everyone. In the art market it is also one of the few moments where the realization prices are explicit and public.
It is required for the definitive export / shipment of privately owned cultural goods that have not been declared by MiBACT of particularly important or exceptional interest; this authorization can be denied, with justified judgment, by the Export Office. This applies to goods with a value of more than 13,500 euros. Within this threshold, see 'self-certification for free circulation'.
Certificate that attributes a work to a particular author, sometimes also investigating the origin. However, the regulation of the authenticity of works of art is often entrusted to market practice, while its legal discipline is not defined in detail. For example, in the case of works by a living artist, the right to authenticate undoubtedly belongs to the artist, while on his death this prerogative arises in the hands of some family members or specially created institutions - archives and foundations - on the assumption that they may have known the artistic production and the life of the artist.
Works within the value threshold of 13,500 euros and by no longer living authors created more than 70 years ago can leave the Italian territory without an authorization (certificate of free circulation), those within 70 years with a self-certification drawn up by the private individual who intends to export (in any case subjected to examination by MiBACT).
A Brick-and-Click is a gallery with a physical location and an online presence. Thanks to the new digital tools, many galleries have managed to change the business model, using online and offering collectors the opportunity to discover and purchase works of art from the comfort of their home.
The scientific act of cataloguing must be understood as an organized collection, registration, description and classification of the greatest number of information on each type of work and cultural asset.
It provides a detailed description of the object, the year of creation, the provenance (history of ownership changes), the main exhibitions in which this lot was included and the publications in which it was documented. In recent years, digital cataloguing, which can be consulted from different types of devices, has assumed increasing importance.
A catalog raisonné is a complete, annotated list of all known works made by an artist, considering all media used. The works are described in such a way that they can be clearly identified. These publications can be made when the artist is still alive or not; when he is alive, this is an extra guarantee about the authenticity of the works included.
This is the amount that must be added to the hammer price struck at the auction (also called the hammer price). Also referred to as 'buyer's premium'.
It is the amount that must be paid as a commission by the seller of a lot to the auction house for the services offered.
It is deducted from the hammer price. In English seller's commission.
Document describing the terms under which the Auction House and the client agree to sell a lot to the buyer. It is important that you read the conditions carefully before submitting your offers.
A work of crypto art is a digital content, uploaded to an exchange platform, whose sale is recorded on a blockchain. The blockchain is a kind of decentralized ledger, which is a huge register of all transactions in which entries are entered through the resolution of cryptographic operations (hence the name "crypto"). In order to be sold, the cryptoart works are converted into NFT, non fungible token.
Often the works, especially of contemporary art due to their size, are placed in warehouses managed by specialized companies, spaces and vaults designed to remotely store and manage their assets, entrusted to the constant monitoring of professional staff. For smaller and more precious objects there are safety deposit boxes.
Area in which the suspension of customs duties and import VAT is in force, without time limits. It allows foreign goods owned in a non-EU country to pass through the vaults - specifically works of art, precious items and collector's cars with an open temporality until a temporary or definitive destination is identified.
The resale right (droit de suite) is the author's right owed to the artist or heirs for all subsequent sales in which an art market professional participates as a seller, buyer or intermediary. Transactions by galleries, auction houses or art dealers will therefore be subject to it, while direct sales between individuals will be excluded. It is a percentage, identified by brackets, of the amount obtained for each sale (eg 4% up to 50,000 euros).
Exemplary of a work of art produced in limited quantities. The artist's edition is a series of identical works designed by the artist to be produced according to the techniques of letterpress or electronic printing. These are, therefore, original works of art, the result of the collaboration between publishers and artists. Limiting the number of copies produced from the same matrix leads to a 'limited edition' or 'limited run edition'. The pieces are identified by a progressive numbering.
In rare cases, an auction house can guarantee the buyer the payment of the lot, regardless of whether the bids at auction reach the reserve price or not. The guarantee can be provided by the Auction House, by third parties or jointly by the House and by third parties.
Three-dimensional visual artwork, including different media, objects and expressive forms of any kind, often created for a specific place and designed to change the perception of space. The term "installation", which appeared in the 1970s, is generally applied to works created for interior spaces, such as galleries or museums. Outdoor works are more often called "public art" or "Land art".
The term primary market indicates that segment of the art market where works of art are sold for the first time and therefore when their initial economic value is fixed. The intermediaries (galleries or merchants) who operate in this part of the market generally have a very close relationship with the artists, promoting their work.
The secondary art market differs from the primary one as it refers to all the successive steps of a work after its first purchase. The main operators of the secondary contemporary art market are: art galleries, art dealers and auction houses. It mainly concerns modern, ancient and antiques art. In contemporary art, however, the secondary market often intersects with the primary one.
NFTs (Non Fungible Tokens) are digital certificates of authenticity, unique, non-modifiable codes written, forever, within a network accessible to anyone. They allow you to create a "limited edition" of a file that could otherwise be easily reproduced, and this process is also applicable to an "artistic" digital file, be it a jpg, a video, or other. So NFTs allow you to certify and guarantee to 100% that a digital artwork exists and has been uploaded to the network by its creator.
The term "notification" in the jargon used in the art world indicates that set of passages, dating back to the Bottai Law of 1939, which involves the MiBACT which recognizes the particularly important interest, from a cultural, artistic, historical, archaeological or ethno-anthropological point of view, of art assets. It follows the injunction not to be able to proceed with the expatriation of the property after the sale of the same outside the territorial borders of the State. The notification can be followed by the exercise of the pre-emption on the purchase by the State. In terms of the economic value of the object, the notification can be a problem for the owner.
An Online Buyer is a collector or potential buyer who purchases art online, via a digital platform or directly from a gallery or auction house website. The emergence of a new generation of Millennial Collectors has led to a rapid rise in the online art market.
It is the winning bid for a lot presented at auction. It is the price at which the auctioneer's hammer is beaten, determining the selling price, but not including the purchase commission. It is also known as the Martello Price.
The reserve price is the confidential minimum price, agreed between the client and the Auction House. The reserve price must be at or below the minimum estimate and if the offers end before that price is reached, the property is not sold. Very often it is simply called "Riserva".
An important factor in the process of identifying a work, the provenance establishes the transfer of ownership backwards, up to the date, if possible, of the execution of the object. The provenance can greatly affect the value of a work.
Art restoration is an activity linked to the maintenance, recovery, restoration and conservation of historical artifacts, such as a fresco, a sculpture, a manuscript, a painting, an architecture. Restoration is a particular technique that allows the restorer to reintegrate the missing parts so that it is almost impossible to distinguish the original part from the restored one.
It is that strategic planning process with which the objectives of a system are set and the means, tools and actions to achieve them are indicated in a medium / long-term perspective. It is an organizational process necessary to define a strategy or direction to take to make decisions on the allocation of resources. It has an increasing impact also in the art world, in reference to cultural institutions and organizations. With reference to potential new projects, 'feasibility studies' are defined.
The sale of works of art, precisely due to the peculiarity of the asset involved in the transaction, has specific tax aspects to consider, both when it is exercised professionally and when it is carried out on an occasional basis. The two situations have different treatments.
The formal assessment of the current market value and / or insurance value of a given property. The current market value represents, if done by an auction house, the possible auction result of the estimated object. The insurance value corresponds to the possible amount foreseen for the replacement of an estimated object. The estimates first take account of similar and recently sold pieces; however, no estimate is to be considered definitive. There may also be valuations for financial statement, balance sheet and inheritance purposes.
Il mercato dell’arte presenta una serie di specificità che devono essere affrontate in maniera consapevole e informata. L’art advisory, mirato ad un supporto qualitativo e quantitativo nella compravendita, è solo un aspetto di una più completa assistenza che va dalle valutazioni delle opere, alla ricerca o richiesta delle autentiche, che assieme ad altri servizi costituiscono la fase preliminare e preparatoria all’acquisto. La consulenza di One Stop Art si allarga anche alla parte strategica su progetti culturali di privati o imprese che vogliano dar vita a nuove fondazioni, musei d’impresa, case d’asta, o similari.
The valuations of works and collections can have various purposes, from those for insurance purposes to those for patrimonial, financial and inheritance purposes, as well as those relating to the definition of a price for the sale. The evaluation must be made by an expert with a certain level of experience, which must be identified in a professional manner based on the artist or the artistic current.
Art advisory is a consultancy for collectors and institutions to be able to act better in the art market and aimed at considering on the one hand the qualitative and cultural aspects of the proposals, on the other those related to the investment and value of the work in future projection. This advice has the characteristic of being offered more independently than galleries and auction houses.
Certificates that attribute a work to a particular author in a clear and unambiguous way. Determinants in defining the value and price of a work. However, the regulation and the process by which an authentic one is obtained, when not present, are not univocal and defined, but need a targeted and professional approach.
One Stop Art's consultancy also extends to the strategic part on cultural projects of individuals or companies that want to give life to new foundations, business museums, auction houses or similar, or composite exhibition and artistic projects, with an offer of complete and integrated services built on the three phases of vision, planning and implementation.
Tax & Legal services of One Stop Art are aimed at all operators in the art market- collectors, gallery owners, auction houses, artists, individuals, companies, public bodies and family offices- with the aim of providing advice at three hundred and sixty degrees and highly personalized in legal and tax issues related to the art world. Continuous updating on the legislation and the cases addressed allow us to guarantee solutions to the most complex and often unexplored issues in the sector, always maintaining strict standards of ethics, transparency and confidentiality.
The One Stop Art Tax service aims to offer specialized skills able to address tax issues, peculiar to the sector, and to address the related problems towards practical and effective solutions. The service mainly concerns the following issues:
Working in close synergy with the other departments and making use of an external team of lawyers with proven experience, One Stop Art offers avdice in the following areas:
In questa sezione si descrivono le modalità gestione dei dati personali che l’utente decide di fornire attraverso l’invio del modulo di contatto presente sul sito www.onestopart.it.
Si tratta di informazioni rese agli utenti in relazione alle norme previste dal Regolamento UE 2016/679 ed in particolare degli artt. 12-23 dello stesso Regolamento.
Titolare del trattamento
Il titolare del trattamento dei dati personali raccolti attraverso il sito www.onestopart.it è
One Stop Art
Via Niccolò Tommaseo, 68
35131 Padua
Italy
C.F. / Partita IVA 05404870288
Codice univoco M5UXCR1
Dati raccolti con il modulo di contatto
Compilando il modulo di contatto l’utente:
Finalità del trattamento
Il nome, l’indirizzo email indicato dall’utente al momento della compilazione del modulo di contatto e le informazioni inserite dall’utente nel corpo del messaggio sono utilizzate esclusivamente per rispondere alla richiesta dell’utente stesso.
Destinatari dei dati personali
I dati personali raccolti tramite www.onestopart.it potranno essere trattati da soggetti coinvolti nell’organizzazione del sito (come per esempio personale amministrativo, commerciale, marketing, legali, amministratori di sistema) o da personale esterno (come fornitori di servizi tecnici terzi, corrieri postali, hosting provider, società informatiche, agenzie di comunicazione) di volta in volta nominate, se necessario, Responsabili del trattamento a norma dell’art. 4 n.8) GDPR che definisce come “responsabile del trattamento” la persona fisica o giuridica, l’autorità pubblica, il servizio o altro organismo che tratta dati personali per conto del titolare del trattamento.
In ogni caso ogni utente potrà sempre richiedere al Titolare del trattamento l’elenco aggiornato dei Responsabili del trattamento con le modalità di cui alla sezione relativa ai diritti dell’utente (ossia mediante invio di comunicazione mail a info@onestopart.it )
Ad eccezione delle ipotesi appena indicate i dati personali dell’utente non vengono comunicati a terzi salvo:
Periodo di conservazione
Le informazioni date dall’utente con la compilazione del modulo di contatto (nome, indirizzo email, testo del messaggio) verranno trattati e conservati per il tempo strettamente necessario per la realizzazione della finalità per cui è stato raccolto, ossia per l’invio della risposta al quesito sottoposto.
Diritto di accesso
L’interessato ha il diritto di chiedere al Titolare del trattamento se sia in corso un trattamento di dati personali che lo riguardano e in caso affermativo di ottenere l’accesso agli stessi e le seguenti informazioni:
Qualora i dati personali siano trasferiti a un paese terzo o a un’organizzazione internazionale, l’interessato ha il diritto di essere informato dell’esistenza di garanzie adeguate ai sensi dell’articolo 46 relative al trasferimento.
One Stop Art specifica che:
Diritto alla cancellazione e diritto di rettifica
L’interessato ha il diritto di ottenere dal titolare del trattamento:
Per l’esercizio di questo diritto è possibile inviare una richiesta scritta a info@onestopart.it
Il titolare del trattamento provvederà, senza ritardo, nel pieno rispetto dell’art. 17 del Regolamento europeo alla cancellazione richiesta.
Diritto di limitazione del trattamento
L’interessato ha il diritto di ottenere dal titolare del trattamento la limitazione del trattamento stesso nelle seguenti ipotesi:
One Stop Art precisa che:
Il trattamento dei dati personali avviene esclusivamente previo rilascio del consenso dell’utente, unicamente per le finalità esplicitate di volta in volta al momento della raccolta dei dati personali. Qualora l’interessato ritenesse di esercitare il diritto di limitazione del trattamento potrà inviare una richiesta scritta a info@onestopart.it.
Diritto di proporre reclamo
L’interessato ha il diritto di proporre reclamo presso l’Autorità di controllo.
After graduating in Economics and Management of Arts and Cultural Activities at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, he obtained - by winning a scholarship - the Master in Marketing for Art and Culture Enterprises at the Alta Scuola in Media, Communication and Entertainment of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan. He embarks on his professional career in the museum field at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, to later orient himself towards the art market, working for two consulting firms in Milan. In 2007 he joined a leading art services company, of which - after roles of increasing responsibility - he became CEO. In 2018 he joined the Arterìa - Art Defender Group, with the role of Chief Executive Officer of Art Defender Srl and of the subsidiary Art Defender Insurance Srl and Director of Arterìa Srl. He was Adjunct Professor of the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, lecturer at NABA - New Academy of Fine Arts and lecturer at several other universities. He was a member of the Art Banking Commission of AIPB - Italian Private Banking Association. He is co-author of the volume "Art advisory in private banking" (AIPB Editrice, Milan, 2015). He is the author of over seventy articles on the art market and on the relationship between art and finance.
Lawyer. PhD in Constitutional Law. Researcher of Constitutional Law at the University of Padua where he teaches, among others, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Law and Entertainment Law. Author of numerous publications on culture and cultural heritage, democracy, fundamental rights, competition and the market, credit and savings.
Speaker at national and international conferences and seminars on constitutional law and cultural heritage law. Member of the editorial board of the magazine "Constitutionalism.it", Of the series "Knowing Europe, Knowing about Europe" and the "Notebooks of Law of the Arts and Entertainment". Chairman of the Board of Directors of Impact Srl, a spin-off of the University of Padua, and of Advance SB Srl, a spin-off group of the University of Padua specializing in innovative development projects in the field of the environment, of culture and territory.
After a degree in Business Administration at Cà Foscari, Venice (with a thesis on professional organizers of art exhibitions) he has always worked in the art world. He was corporate relations manager for the Guggenheim in Venice, Communication Manager in New York for FMR Art'è Usa, director of Affordable Art Fair Italia (with events in Milan and Rome, after having brought the project to Italy) and Director of Christie's Italy (for which he then continued as an external consultant). He developed and coordinated a postgraduate course in Art Gallery Management at the IED in Venice. Today he is art advisor and director of the Alberto Peruzzo Foundation. At the end of 2021 his book was published by Scheiwiller / 24 ORE Cultura, entitled 'ARS FACTIVA. The useful beauty of art ', an investigation into the relationship between art, science and technology and how this relationship can be useful to contemporary society.
Art collection management is an expression - of Anglo-Saxon origin - which indicates that set of services, activities and skills necessary for the ordinary and extraordinary management of works and art collections. One Stop Art - in partnership with leading players in the sector - supports its customers who need to better preserve their artistic heritage, to move them nationally and internationally, to insure them through suitable fine art policies or to digitize them through the most advanced technological tools. The professional and coordinated management of these activities guarantees the protection of assets and the satisfaction of even complex customer needs.
Appropriate conservation represents the first prerequisite for the protection and enhancement of artistic heritage. Through One Stop Art, customers can make use of storage services that - for temporary or long-term needs - guarantee the most rigorous safety and air conditioning standards throughout the country. The possibility of using spaces for private viewing and customs warehouses also allow dynamic management of the collections, both for individuals and for dealers and market operators.
Handling and transport are among the most delicate phases in the life of a work or an art collection: the management of operational aspects, which guarantee the protection of the assets, as well as the management of administrative obligations, which guarantee compliance of the relevant legislation, require high levels of professionalism and experience. Through One Stop Art, customers can make use of the most qualified skills in the sector and access a range of services that concern the entire logistics chain: from the creation of packaging, to transport on an international scale, from handling customs and ministerial procedures to 'staging.
Insuring the purchased works of art means protecting the investment made and recognizing the value, even economic, of one's passions. One Stop Art supports collectors and holders of artistic heritage by providing specialist advice on prevention and risk management and guaranteeing privileged access to the fine art insurance market.
The knowledge of an art collection, as well as the conservation of the information and documentary apparatus accompanying the works that compose it, constitute the prerequisite for conscious decisions: One Stop Art, using the most advanced management software, offers cataloging and digitization of artistic heritage, preparatory and necessary for an evaluation activity, efficient management and rapid sharing of information.
Cristian Lorenzin is a lawyer of the Vicenza bar specializing in international corporate law and extraordinary transactions. He is co-founder of L2B Partners Law Firm together with Nicola Baù. Cristian has extensive experience in the field of international payments and letters of credit. He has also dealt with tenders for the conservation and restoration of works of art, extraordinary finance operations and asset segregation through the establishment of trusts and foundations.
Nicola Baù is a lawyer of the Padua bar specializing in international contracts. After a long experience in an Anglo-American firm, world leader in art law and wealth management, in 2018, together with Cristian Lorenzin, he set up L2B Partners Law Firm, characterized by a deep bond with the territory of the Northeast of Italy and, at the same time, by a consolidated international experience. Nicola has assisted Italian and foreign entrepreneurs in the purchase and sale of works of art by international artists and of buildings subject to historical-architectural constraints. He has also dealt with agreements concerning the loan of works of art for temporary exhibitions, the creation of artistic installations and the use of images and materials by artists.
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Graduated in Economics and Commerce from the Ca 'Foscari University of Venice. He is registered with the Order of Chartered Accountants and Accounting Experts of Padua and with the National Register of Auditors. He acts as a consultant for private companies in the tax and corporate field and assists Italian and foreign industrial groups in internationalization processes. Having been a collector of modern and contemporary art for about 30 years, he has gained significant experience in direct and indirect taxation, with particular reference to VAT, in the sale and purchase of works of art by individuals, companies and public and private entities. Provides tax advice to Galleries, Museums and Foundations in the phase of their constitution and in ordinary and extraordinary daily operations. He has assisted numerous Italian families in the generational handover of entire collections of works of art, dealing with both aspects of donation and inheritance taxes, and in the process of evaluating and inventorying the works, working alongside experts with whom he also collaborates for specific evaluation problems. restoration and conservation.